🧵 Introduction
Electrical cables are essential components in any building project. Their selection depends on voltage level, insulation, installation method, and usage. In this post, we break down the main categories and common types of electrical cables used in buildings.
🔌 Cable Classification by Voltage
| Voltage Range | Cable Type |
|---|---|
| LV (Low Voltage) | Up to 1 kV |
| MV (Medium Voltage) | 1 kV to 33 kV |
| HV (High Voltage) | Above 33 kV |
🔹 1. Low Voltage (LV) Cables
Used in:
- Residential wiring
- Lighting circuits
- Small loads & control systems
Common LV Cable Types:
- PVC Insulated Single-Core Wires (Cu/PVC)
- Armoured Cables (XLPE/SWA/PVC)
- Flexible Cables (for appliances and indoor works)
🔹 2. Medium Voltage (MV) Cables
Used in:
- Power distribution from transformers
- Utility grids in buildings and industrial zones
Common MV Cable Types:
- Cu/XLPE/SWA/PVC or Al/XLPE/SWA/PVC
- Typically armoured and laid underground
🔹 3. High Voltage (HV) Cables
Used in:
- Utility transmission networks
- Substations and large industrial applications
Construction:
- Often have lead sheathing, multiple insulation layers, and metallic screen
- Installed with deep burial or cable trenches
📌 Key Cable Selection Factors:
- Voltage level
- Conductor material (Copper vs Aluminium)
- Insulation type (PVC, XLPE, EPR)
- Installation location (indoor, underground, exposed)
- Fire rating (LSZH, FRLS, etc.)
🧠 Pro Tip:
In Saudi Arabia, SEC-approved cable types often include:
- Cu/XLPE/SWA/PVC for MV
- Cu/PVC for indoor LV
- Fire-rated LSZH cables for emergency systems
✅ Conclusion:
Choosing the right type of cable is essential for electrical safety and efficiency. Always refer to project specs, local codes (SBC), and IEC standards when selecting cables.